Innovation & Challenges in Malaysia Agriculture (chap 7)

For this topic, we would like to discuss about HYBRIDIZATION.

What is it?
>process of combining two complementary single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules and allowing them to form a single double-stranded molecule through base pairing. 

What is a hybrid animal?

> an offspring of two animals or plants of different races, breeds, varieties, species, or genera. 
> could be classified a :-

1. genetic hybrid 
2. structural hybrid 
3. numerical hybrid 
4. permanent hybrid
    
   Genetic hybridization process

Hybrids in nature 
>Hybridization is a naturally occurring genetic process where individuals from two genetically distinct populations mate
>It can occur both intraspecifically, between different distinct populations within the same species, and interspecifically, between two different species.
> Hybrids can be either sterile/not viable or viable/fertile.

Why hybrids are sterile?

> because differences in chromosome structure prevent appropriate pairing and segregation during meiosis, meiosis is disrupted, and viable sperm and eggs are not formed.
> Mules, hinnies, and other normally sterile interspecific hybrids cannot produce viable gametes,

Advantages

>better adaptations to there enviroment than the parent species

Example of success hybrids

 Cheetoh. Cheetoh cat has no relation to either Cheetahs or cheese-flavored corn puffs. Instead, this relatively new feline is descended from selected Bengal Cat and Ocicat bloodlines, resulting in an exotically spotted cat with the Ocicat’s long legs and low-shouldered walking style. It is an extremely social, docile and gentle-natured lap cat that is safe for all to keep as pet.

                                                                                      Spider Goat.                                                                                                       the goats have spider genes that allow the females to excrete spider silk proteins in their milkThe resulting spider silk fiber is said to be “more durable than Kevlar, more stretchable than nylon, and stronger than steel.”

Beefalo,a hybrid of beef cattle and the American Bison, It provides meat that has more protein and less fat than that of the typical steer. Even better,  beefalo beef is very low in cholesteral.

  More Amazing Hybrids: